Moed Katan 46

יש אבילות בשבת והני אמרי אין אבילות בשבת

that [some] mourning is to be observed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' privately, at home, e.g., covering the head, sleeping on an overturned couch, not occupying the marital couch, not greeting with 'peace'. 'In Judea they greeted mourners with " peace"="" on="" entering="" and="" leaving="" his="" house,="" to="" show="" that="" mourning="" did="" not="" obtain="" sabbath'.="" sem.="" x="" (end.)="" .="" vrag');"="">¹</span> on the Sabbath and the others saying that there is no [observance of] mourning on the Sabbath. Those that said that [some] mourning is observed on the Sabbath based themselves on the wording in the Mishnah, [THE SABBATH] ENTERS [INTO COUNT]; the others who said that mourning is not observed on the Sabbath based their view on the wording [AND] DOES NOT INTERRUPT.

מאן דאמר יש אבילות בשבת דקתני עולה מאן דאמר. אין אבילות בשבת דקתני אינה מפסקת

For, [said they], should you assume that mourning is to be observed on the Sabbath, why need we have [the reservation] AND DOES NOT INTERRUPT? But surely it states [also], [THE SABBATH] ENTERS [INTO COUNT]! - Because he has to teach in the latter part that [FESTIVALS]. DO NOT ENTER INTO COUNT, he teaches also [for the sake of symmetry] in the former part [THE SABBATH] ENTERS [INTO COUNT].

אי סלקא דעתך יש אבילות בשבת השתא אבילות נהגא אפסוקי מיבעיא

And as to the other side who said that [some] mourning is to be observed on the Sabbath, surely it states AND DOES NOT INTERRUPT? - Because he has to state in the latter part that [FESTIVALS] INTERRUPT [the mourning], he teaches also [for the sake of symmetry] in the former part [THE SABBATH.] DOES NOT INTERRUPT. Might not one suggest that their disagreement goes back to the [divergent] views of [older] Tannaim [as set out in the following Baraitha]? For it has been taught: 'One who has his dead laid out before him eats [his meals] in another house [room]; if he have not another house [room], he eats in his friend's house; if he have not a friend's house [available], he makes him a partition [ten handbreadths high];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a gloss - not found in the parallel texts - on the technical height of a partition. Cf. Shab. ');">²</span>

ואלא הא קתני עולה איידי דקבעי למיתנא סיפא אינן עולים תנא רישא עולה

if he have not the wherewithal to make a partition, he turns away his face as he takes his meals. And he does not recline<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a couch or seated round the table with others; that is, he does not have his meals in style.');">³</span> as he eats [nor does he eat his fill]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sem. adds: 'Nor does he eat all he requires' - i.e., his fill.');">⁴</span>

ולמאן דאמר יש אבילות בשבת הא קתני אינה מפסקת משום דקבעי למיתנא סיפא מפסיקין תנא רישא אינה מפסקת

- he eats not meat nor drinks wine, nor does he say the grace. nor does he invite others [partaking in the meal to join in grace with him]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Three or more eating together should join as a group in saying grace. Cf. Ber. 45a.');">⁵</span> nor do others invite him;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Rashi Ber. ');">⁶</span>

לימא כתנאי מי שמתו מוטל לפניו אוכל בבית אחר אין לו בית אחר אוכל בבית חברו אין לו בית חברו עושה לו מחיצה עשרה טפחים אין לו דבר לעשות מחיצה מחזיר פניו ואוכל

and he is exempt from a recital of Shema',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Hear, O Israel. ., Dent. VI, 4ff Cf. P.B. pp. 30ff');">⁷</span> from Saying the Tefillah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The 'Amidah, or the 'Eighteen Benedictions (19) Prayer' for weekdays. V. P.B. p. 44ff.');">⁸</span> or donning phylacteries, and [exempt] from the performance of any religious duties that are commanded in the Torah.

ואינו מיסב ואוכל ואינו אוכל בשר ואינו שותה יין ואין מברך ואין מזמן ואין מברכין עליו ואין מזמנין עליו ופטור מקריאת שמע ומן התפלה ומן התפילין ומכל מצות האמורות בתורה

[When do these said restrictions obtain? On weekdays];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Sem. X.');">⁹</span> but on Sabbath<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sem. ibid. adds, he eats according to his requirements.');">¹⁰</span>

ובשבת מיסב ואוכל ואוכל בשר ושותה יין ומברך ומזמן ומברכין ומזמנין עליו וחייב בקריאת שמע ובתפלה ובתפילין ובכל מצות האמורות בתורה רבן גמליאל אומר מתוך שנתחייב באלו נתחייב בכולן

he takes meals reclining, eats meat and drinks wine, recites grace, invites others [to join him] and others invite him and it is incumbent on him to recite the Shema' and to say the Tefillah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The 'Amidah or Seven Benedictions for the Sabbath. MS. M. omits 'phylacteries', as these are never donned on Sabbath.');">¹¹</span> and to perform all the religious duties commanded in the Torah. Rabban Gamaliel<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So also Sem. and other texts. In Ber. ');">¹²</span>

ואמר ר' יוחנן תשמיש המטה איכא בינייהו

says,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sem. inserts: A mourner on Sabbath is as if he were no mourner.');">¹³</span> Since he re-enters into these several obligations [here mentioned] he enters into the obligation of all [religious duties].' [And commenting on this] R'Johanan said that the actual difference between them is the question of 'using the [marital] couch'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., marital intercourse during the Sabbath, which is otherwise forbidden during the week of mourning. Rabban Gamaliel's statement implies that he is permitted to use the marital couch on the Sabbath of the week of mourning. Conjugal rights are among the Scriptural obligations of a husband to his wife. Ex. XXI, 10 and cf. Keth. 61a.');">¹⁴</span>

מאי לאו בהא קא מיפלגי דמר סבר יש אבילות בשבת ומר סבר אין אבילות בשבת

Now, is not this the issue between them: One Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first Tanna in the cited Baraitha.');">¹⁵</span> takes the view that [some] mourning is to be observed on Sabbath and the other Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Gamaliel.');">¹⁶</span> that there is to be no mourning on Sabbath?

ממאי דלמא עד כאן לא קאמר תנא קמא התם אלא משום דמתו מוטל לפניו אבל הכא דאין מתו מוטל לפניו לא

Why [do you think so]? Perhaps there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha which deals with the case before burial.');">¹⁷</span> the first Tanna might not have gone so far as to forbid,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The conjugal couch on the Sabbath.');">¹⁸</span>

וע"כ לא קאמר ר"ג התם דאכתי לא חל אבילות עליה אבל הכא דחל אבילות עליה הכי נמי

save only because his dead is still laid out in front of him; but here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Mishnah which deals with mourning after the burial.');">¹⁹</span> he might not [forbid].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The conjugal couch on the Sabbath.');">²⁰</span> Again, Rabban Gamaliel there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha which deals with the case before burial.');">²¹</span> would not have gone so far as to allow,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The conjugal couch on the Sabbath.');">²⁰</span> save only because there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha which deals with the case before burial.');">²¹</span> the incidence of mourning has not yet occurred;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The observance of formal mourning does not begin till after the funeral.');">²²</span> whereas here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Mishnah which deals with mourning after the burial.');">¹⁹</span> where the incidence of mourning has already occurred, he might also [forbid].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The conjugal couch on the Sabbath.');">²⁰</span>